Teaching for equal opportunities

To ensure that all students benefit from your teaching, it is important to ensure that lectures, presentations and exercises, the distribution of teaching materials, and the design of examinations and excursions are as accessible as possible. This is often much easier than you might think. The following shows an overview and suggestions.

First things first: set a signal!

Students often refrain from seeking advice and support because they do not want to disclose their impairment out of shame or fear of prejudice or lack of understanding. Many also do not want to be treated differently by teachers and fellow students or to be labeled as "disabled". First-year students and students are often not aware of the possibility of compensation for disadvantages and counseling services. As a teacher, you can counteract this by signaling your willingness to provide support at the beginning of a course. This can be done with a sentence, e.g. "Should any of you need support now or later due to a disability or chronic illness, you are welcome to contact me at the end of the course or during my office hours." In addition, we will also provide you with a slide that you can incorporate into your presentations.

How can accessible teaching succeed?

It is helpful to have accessibility in mind already during the planning phase of the courses when deciding on the method of teaching: asynchronous teaching offers more opportunities to pay attention to accessibility, but this is also quite possible in synchronous teaching.

In both cases, it facilitates the process if all materials are already available at the beginning of the semester. In this way, reprocessing processes can be initiated by the students concerned at an early stage. These prepared materials give students with impairments the chance to actively follow the course and not be occupied the entire time with following or understanding the teaching materials. A hybrid format combines the benefits of both concepts, but should be transparently planned and communicated. 

Asynchronous formats: By making all materials available, students can study on their own time and with their own tools, if necessary, at home. A defined communication structure between instructor and students and milestones set at the beginning of the semester increase commitment and provide structure over the course of the semester.
Synchronous formats:  Classroom teaching requires, above all, accessible documents and a deliberate way of lecturing that is adapted to the impairments. Only in this way can affected students actively participate in the sessions. Often, short breaks in lectures are the means of choice to enable the highest possible level of concentration.

 

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Communicate as early as possible

Examination dates and possible retake dates
registration and deregistration deadlines for the exam
the existence of and arrangements for possible disadvantage compensation
All students benefit from clear communication, but for students with disabilities it is of great importance to have clarity for their own planning from the beginning.

In particular, make it clear which submissions or deadlines already exist in the semester before the examination period and when, if applicable, you can expect feedback from your side, and also record this in writing for everyone. If possible, specify at the beginning which points the students have to take action on themselves and which points you will approach the group about.

In addition to impairments, each student's educational biography is different, resulting in different prerequisites for taking courses. Offer students to contact you or staff members with questions so that they too can successfully prepare for exams. 

Make sure that the requirements for examinations are realistic and in line with the course descriptions, and that substitutes also match the competencies formulated.

If you are approached by students who have been granted compensation for a disadvantage, ask which compensation was granted. Often it is an extension of the writing time or a separate examination room, but also differently prepared examination materials or an assistant may have been granted. Should the organization of the exam with a disadvantage compensation present you with problems, the staff of the Service Center SmB will be happy to support you. Please note that you should contact us sufficiently in advance so that the support can be realized.

Accessibility in teaching starts with the availability of general information about teaching and teachers.

Transparency for all students is increased through easy-to-find and clearly communicated information on teaching. This starts with, for example, placing information office hours or courses on the homepage early and in a way that is easy to find. Placing this information at a deeper navigation level saves time for those who find it more difficult to find their way around a website structure.

But also in terms of content, transparency on the websites can be important, especially for students with impairments - a reference to confidentiality or data protection makes it easier for students with concerns about stigmatization to get in touch, clear information about the start and end times of availability can minimize inappropriate inquiries and avoid misunderstandings and irritations.

Furthermore, you can point out that you take into account the requirements of impaired students in teaching and offer opportunities to talk about this, gladly in coordination with the service point SmB. Requirements for students should also be clearly formulated in writing and easily accessible online, so that students can adapt to them and, if necessary, refrain from making individual requests.

 

Veranstaltungen und Materialien anpassen

Das Erstellen von barrierefreien Dokumenten ist nicht so aufwendig, wie man vielleicht denken würde: zahlreiche Programme zur Text- und/oder Tabellenverarbeitung bieten bereits eine integrierte Testfunktion mit Blick auf die Barrierefreiheit an. 

MS Word

Eine Klick-für-Klick Anleitung mit Screenshots finden Sie hier. Sollten Sie Fragen oder Probleme mit diesen Anleitungen haben, steht die Servicestelle Studium mit Beeinträchtigung für Unterstützung bereit. Allgemein gilt:

  • Nutzen Sie eine serifenlose Schrift ("sans serif").
  • Vermeiden Sie sehr dünne oder sehr dicke Schriftstärke.
  • Achten Sie auf ausreichenden Buchstaben- und Zeilenabstand (1,5fach).
  • Nutzen Sie einen hohen Kontrast (schwarze Schrift auf weißem Grund, z.B. keine Rot-Grün-Kombination).
  • Vermeiden Sie Farbe als alleiniges Unterscheidungsmerkmal.
  • Fügen Sie Bilder nicht nur dekorativ ein. Wenn nötig, müssen Sie Bilder mit Alternativtext versehen. Mit einem Alternativtext können unterstützende Programme die Bildinformationen für sehbeeinträchtigte Studierende vorlesen.
  • Versehen Sie Tabellen standardmäßig nur mit Daten, nicht mit Text. Screen Reader können Tabellen mit Textinhalt nicht gut verarbeiten.
  • Tabellen sollten einfach gestaltet und mit Angaben zu den Kopfzeilen und -spalten versehen sein - sonst ist eine Orientierung innerhalb der Tabelle nicht möglich.

Damit sehbeeinträchtigte Studierende in Dokumenten gut navigieren können und Screen Reader den Text korrekt lesen können, sind Formatvorlagen bei der Erstellung von Überschriften wichtig (Eine Beschreibung für das Nutzen von Formatvorlagen finden Sie auf dieser Homepage).

  • Denken Sie an eine logische Struktur in den Überschriften 
  • Nutzen Sie die Formatvorlage "Überschrift 1" für Hauptüberschriften, "Überschrift 2" für Untertitel, "Überschrift 3" für Zwischentitel. Es sollten keine Überschriftenebenen übersprungen werden. 
  • Nutzen Sie vor dem Veröffentlichen Ihrer Datei die Funktion "Auf Barrierefreiheit überprüfen" im Reiter "Überprüfen"

Um zwischen verschiedenen Dokumenten besser unterscheiden und in Ihnen arbeiten zu können, kann man auch in Worddokumenten Eigenschaften wie Titel und Autor eingeben. Dies geschieht über die Dokumenteigenschaften.

 

MS Powerpoint

Für alle unten aufgeführten Punkte sind auf dieser Seite bebilderte Klick-für-Klick-Anleitungen verfügbar. Sollten Sie Fragen oder Probleme mit diesen Anleitungen haben, steht die Servicestelle Studium mit Beeinträchtigung für Unterstützung bereit.

  • Vermeiden Sie rein dekorative visuelle Elemente. Für alle nötigen Objekte muss ein Alternativtext hinterlegt werden, damit deren Aussage auch von Personen mit Sehbeeinträchtigung verstanden werden kann. Unterstützen Sie die visuellen Elemente durch Text, der sich ggf. auf die visuellen Objekte bezieht.
  • Alternativtext soll in 1-2 Sätzen die zentralen Elemente des Bilds wiedergeben, insbesondere wenn das visuelle Element Text enthält.
  • Achten Sie auf die Reihenfolge der Folienobjekte. Durch die Reihenfolge, in der die verschiedenen Elemente eingefügt werden, wird festgelegt, in welcher Reihenfolge Lesehilfen die Inhalte einer Folie wiedergeben.
  • Nutzen Sie Linktexte und sog. Quickinfos, damit Links für Nutzer von Bildschirmausgaben leichter aufzufinden sind. Quick Infos erscheinen, wenn der Mauszeiger über den Link, das Bild oder Text bewegt werden.
  • Verwenden Sie Farben nur sparsam und stellen Sie sicher, dass sie nicht die einzige Quelle von Information sind.
  • Nutzen Sie Schrift- und Formfarben mit hohem Kontrast.
  • Fügen Sie Ihrer Folie stets einen Titel hinzu, damit diese z.B. über die Navigation leicht auffindbar ist.
  • Denken Sie an leichte Tabellenstrukturen und Tabellen- bzw. Spaltenbeschriftungen. Ohne diese ist es nicht möglich, sich Tabellen komplett zu erschließen.
  • Schrift sollte ausreichend groß (mindestens 18pt) und serifenlos sein.
  • Wenn Sie Videos einbinden, müssen diese untertitelt sein oder zentrale Inhalte zumindest als audio-Videobeschreibung verfügbar sein.
  • Nutzen Sie vor dem Veröffentlichen Ihrer Datei die Funktion "Auf Barrierefreiheit überprüfen" im Reiter "Überprüfen"

PDF-Export

Meist werden die Dokumente nicht in ihrer bearbeitbaren Grundversion, sondern zur besseren Kompatibilität und einem gewissen Bearbeitungsschutz als .pdf-Dokument verbreitet. Um auch hier Barrierefreiheit zu ermöglichen, müssen sog. "getagte" Dokumente erstellt werden. In MS Office kann dies unter "Optimal für elektronische Verteilung und Barrierefreiheit " als Option im "Veröffentlichen" Dialog der Export-Funktion angehakt werden. So verlieren barrierefreie Office Dokumente auch bei der Konvertierung zum pdf-Dokument nicht die nötigen Eigenschaften.

In Mac OS wird bei der Option "Speichern unter" ein weiteres Menü mit dem Stichpunkt Dateiformat verfügbar gemacht. Dort muss die Option "Optimal für elektronische Verteilung und Barrierefreiheit" ausgewählt werden, bevor man es exportiert.

Videos are classified as accessible if they are

 

  • are integrated barrier-free; i.e. they can be reached and operated without any problems,
  • are provided with subtitles and
  • important information is also accessible to blind people via a so-called audio description.

If you think about accessibility during video production, you may be able to avoid costly alternatives later.

Creating subtitles

Captioning makes videos usable for students who either have hearing impairments or whose native language does not match the language of the video. In some situations, subtitling is also very useful for students without impairments, for example, when watching a video in a silent work environment.

On its Videoportal, the university offers the possibility to upload videos, edit them and, among other things, also add subtitles. This is done by combining a transcript of the video with timestamps and uploading it in a text file. The IMT has created a step-by-step guide for this process, so that it is not difficult to do, even for people who are not very tech-savvy.

The video platform YouTube also automatically provides subtitles for videos uploaded there. However, these are not immediately ready for use, but still require review and post-processing. They do, however, serve as an initial basis for work. Instructions and examples can be found on the BIK für Alle project page or directly on the YouTube Hilfeseiten .

In principle, the same quality standards must be applied to the creation of subtitles as to the spoken word. Specifically, this means:

Subtitling on the web should be based on the  Untertitel-Standards for the German-speaking world. They were developed by the public broadcasters in Germany, Austria and Switzerland together with associations for the hearing impaired. The standard specifies both the presentation and form of the subtitles, as well as the content. The most important requirements are:

in representation and form

  • Fade-in at the same time as the sound and as lip-synchronous as possible
  • Split lines by sense units
  • Position centered at the bottom (if there are already text overlays here, centered at the top)
  • High contrast, easy to read font on background
  • Minimum lifetime: 2 seconds or reading time of 13-15 characters per second
  • Number of lines: 2 lines

to the content design:

  • Close to the original, if necessary rephrase without loss of information
  • New German spelling
  • Represent number as number; high number with dot after thousands digit
  • Important audio information, e.g. thoughts, off-speech, sounds: in brackets.
  • Quoted text: in quotes
  • Speaker with name and colon, assign different colors to speaker text in conversational situations.
  • Name music style, e.g. (jazz music)
  • Mark lyrics with hash sign (#)

 

Audio description

Audio description makes videos understandable for blind and severely vision-impaired viewers. A narrator describes what can be seen in the image and provides information about the action, characters or locations, as well as text overlays. The speech is combined with the original sound of the video; the descriptions are spoken into the dialog pauses. This technique is currently only used in a few productions; technology tools are still being developed. Alternatively, it is possible to replace audio description by appropriately adapting subtitles and outputting them via a screen reader.

In addition to the impairments, the respective educational biographies are also different, resulting in different prerequisites for participation in courses. Offer students to contact you or staff members with questions so that they too can successfully prepare for exams. 

Make sure that the requirements for the examinations are realistic and correspond to the information in the course descriptions and that substitute performances also match the competencies formulated.

If you are approached by students who have been granted compensation for a disadvantage, ask which compensation was granted. Often it is an extension of the writing time or a separate examination room, but also differently prepared examination materials or an assistant may have been granted. If the organization of the exam with a disadvantage compensation presents you with problems, the staff of the Service Center SmB will be happy to support you. Please note that you should contact us sufficiently in advance so that the support can be realized.

There are several ways to check already created documents and also web pages for accessibility.

 

  • The products of the Microsoft Office package have a built-in accessibility check function. It can be activated in the "File" tab in the "Check for problems" item with "Check accessibility". The next step opens the results of the check along with possible solutions. You can find beschreibendes Video on the Microsoft Office Support pages.
  • SiteImprove software provides automated website testing for digital accessibility that strictly adheres to the international standards of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), making it easy to identify and fix accessibility issues at all levels of compliance. The University of Paderborn has purchased its own license of the software. If you are interested, please contact Herrn Dr. Seibert at the IMT.
business-card image

Kathrin Weber

Student Advice Centre

Service Center Studying with Impairment

Write email +49 5251 60-5498